http://www.designboom.com/history/cross_2.html
THE LORRAIN- OR ORTHODOX CROSS the cross lorraine, named after the region in france of the same name; the form of the cross is used primarily in the russian orthodox church. the upper bar represents the inscription, abbreviated INRI, that pilate had placed above jesus' head. the slanted bar is lost in legend. maybe the slanted bar forms a st. andrew's cross. it is a symbol for white lead in alchemical texts. THE BAPTISMAL CROSS is a cross with eight arms / a cross, which is superimposed on a greek ‘chi’, the first letter of the greek word for ‘christ’. since the number eight is symbolic of rebirth or regeneration, this cross is often used as a baptismal cross. THE PAPAL CROSS this cross is the official emblem of the papal office. it may be used by none other than the pope himself. the three bars represent the pope's three realms of authority: the church, the world and heaven. THE ANCHOR CROSS this cross was the emblem of st. clement, bishop of rome, who according to tradition was tied to an anchor and tossed into the sea by the emperor trajan. it has been the anchor cross and the firm faith which keep ed christians steady in the storms of life. based on hebrews 6:19 which reads, ‘we have this hope, a sure and steadfast anchor of the soul, a hope that enters the inner shrine behind the curtain.’ some alchemical elements bear the cross sign. for example the alchemical symbol for sulfur, which was a triangle at the top of a cross. (there is the biblical story of entateuch / genesis in which hell is thought of to smell of sulfur...) MATHEMATICAL SIGN in mathematics a cross is regarded as a ‘plus sign’, which means ‘add this to that’ or ‘more than’ or just ‘and’ or ‘plus’. it appears for the first time in germany in 1489. THE ROSICRUCIAN OR ROSE CROSS the hermetic rose cross is a very old mystical symbol. the rose symbolized the redemptive power of the blood of christ; the letters inscribed on the 4 central rays combine into INRI, which combination represents a latin motto meaning ‘nature is completely renewed by fire’. the symbol as a whole illustrated the triumph of spirit over matter. in the center of the rose cross there is another rose cross, smaller but conceptually identical. this is the microcosm that mirrors the macrocosm. surrounding the inner cross are 22 petals containing the 22 letters of the hebrew alphabet, each colored according to kabbalistic attributions. the end of each arm is inscribed with symbols of the three principles of alchemy: mercury, sulfur and salt. thus each arm can be mapped to important trinities. THE CROSS IN ASTROLOGY in astrology, a cross sign is really more of a symbol because it has many levels of meaning beyond the unambiguous name which indicates a particular sector of the sky. after all, astrology is a symbolic language! since ancient times a cross might mean ‘the cross of matter’, which is basically what it represents in astrology, where it appears as ‘the cardinal cross’. the vertical bar symbolizes spirit which interpenetrates the horizontal bar representing matter, or the earth plane (horizon line). the symbol of a cross within a circle is used to represent the part of fortune in astrology, but it can also represent the earth itself. THE CROSS FORMEE BRANCHEE is a greek cross, ancerated with 'v's cut into the ends. the cross is almost akin to a modern maltese cross. THE MALTESE CROSS is a greek cross or irregular dodecahedron cross, whose points flange out at the end. the eight outer points of this cross are symbolic of regeneration. they are sometimes said to represent the eight beatitudes. it represents the sign of the military order of the knights of malta and is a symbol of protection and a badge of honor. in its evolution it is of medieval origin. --- page 2 of 3 see : page 1 the cross symbol page 3 modern crosses | solar crosses, scandinavian bronze age rock carvings at bohüslan, sweden the solar cross, neolithical rock carvings in france the swastica the tau cross the egyptian cross the greek cross coptic crosses the chi-rho cross the latin cross st.andrews cross the saint peter cross celtic crosses lorraine or orthodox crosses the baptismal cross the papal cross the anchor cross alchemical symbols of mercury, sulfur and tartar (?) plus sign the rose cross |
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